Legal Status of Wudu
Legal Status of Wudu
According to the Hanafi school, the legal status of wuḍūʾ varies depending on the situation and purpose. If a person is without wuḍūʾ, performing wuḍūʾ for Ṣalāh is obligatory (farḍ). For ṭawāf, wuḍūʾ is wājib, while performing wuḍūʾ before going to sleep is considered a Sunnah, although some Hanafi jurists have classified it as mustaḥabb (recommended).
Wuḍūʾ is also recommended in various circumstances, such as after committing a sin, lying, or backbiting; before each prayer when one already has wuḍūʾ, according to the relevant juristic details; after performing a previous wuḍūʾ and then renewing it in circumstances mentioned by the jurists; before performing ghusl for major ritual impurity (janābah); after washing or carrying a deceased person; when angry; before studying Islamic knowledge; and before the adhān and iqāmah, among other occasions.
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " لاَ تُقْبَلُ صَلاَةٌ بِغَيْرِ طُهُورٍ وَلاَ صَدَقَةٌ مِنْ غُلُولٍ " . قَالَ هَنَّادٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ " إِلاَّ بِطُهُورٍ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ أَصَحُّ شَيْءٍ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ وَأَحْسَنُ . وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَنَسٍ . وَأَبُو الْمَلِيحِ بْنُ أُسَامَةَ اسْمُهُ عَامِرٌ وَيُقَالُ زَيْدُ بْنُ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ .
Ibn `Umar narrated that: the Prophet said: "Salat will not be accepted without purification, nor Charity from Ghulul."
Hannad said in his narration, "except with purification"
[Abu `Eisa said: This Hadith is the most correct thing on this topic, and the best. There are also narrations on this topic from Abu Al-Malih, from his father; and Abu Hurairah and Anas. And Abu Al-Malih bin Usamah's name is `Amir, and they also say it was Zaid bin Usamah bin `Umair Al-Hudhali.
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَنَسًا، ح قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَتَوَضَّأُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلاَةٍ. قُلْتُ كَيْفَ كُنْتُمْ تَصْنَعُونَ قَالَ يُجْزِئُ أَحَدَنَا الْوُضُوءُ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثْ.
Narrated `Amr bin `Amir: Anas said, "The Prophet (ﷺ) used to perform ablution for every prayer." I asked Anas, "What did you used to do?' Anas replied, "We used to pray with the same ablution until we break it with Hadath."
Sahih al-Bukhari 214
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُقَاتِلٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " إِذَا أَتَيْتَ مَضْجَعَكَ فَتَوَضَّأْ وُضُوءَكَ لِلصَّلاَةِ، ثُمَّ اضْطَجِعْ عَلَى شِقِّكَ الأَيْمَنِ، ثُمَّ قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِي إِلَيْكَ، وَفَوَّضْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَيْكَ، وَأَلْجَأْتُ ظَهْرِي إِلَيْكَ، رَغْبَةً وَرَهْبَةً إِلَيْكَ، لاَ مَلْجَأَ وَلاَ مَنْجَا مِنْكَ إِلاَّ إِلَيْكَ، اللَّهُمَّ آمَنْتُ بِكِتَابِكَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ، وَبِنَبِيِّكَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلْتَ. فَإِنْ مُتَّ مِنْ لَيْلَتِكَ فَأَنْتَ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ، وَاجْعَلْهُنَّ آخِرَ مَا تَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ " . قَالَ فَرَدَّدْتُهَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُ " اللَّهُمَّ آمَنْتُ بِكِتَابِكَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ ". قُلْتُ وَرَسُولِكَ. قَالَ " لاَ، وَنَبِيِّكَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلْتَ ".
Narrated Al-Bara 'bin `Azib: The Prophet (ﷺ) said to me, "Whenever you go to bed perform ablution like that for the prayer, lie or your right side and say, "Allahumma aslamtu wajhi ilaika, wa fauwadtu `Amri ilaika, wa alja'tu Zahri ilaika raghbatan wa rahbatan ilaika. La Malja'a wa la manja minka illa ilaika. Allahumma amantu bikitabika-l-ladhi anzalta wa bina-biyika-l ladhi arsalta" (O Allah! I surrender to You and entrust all my affairs to You and depend upon You for Your Blessings both with hope and fear of You. There is no fleeing from You, and there is no place of protection and safety except with You O Allah! I believe in Your Book (the Qur'an) which You have revealed and in Your Prophet (Muhammad) whom You have sent). Then if you die on that very night, you will die with faith (i.e. or the religion of Islam). Let the aforesaid words be your last utterance (before sleep)." I repeated it before the Prophet (ﷺ) and when I reached "Allahumma amantu bikitabika-l-ladhi anzalta (O Allah I believe in Your Book which You have revealed)." I said, "Wa-rasulika (and your Apostle)." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "No, (but say): 'Wanabiyika-l-ladhi arsalta (Your Prophet whom You have sent), instead."
Sahih al-Bukhari 247
أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رضى الله عنها أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ إِذَا اغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ بَدَأَ فَغَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ كَمَا يَتَوَضَّأُ لِلصَّلاَةِ ثُمَّ يُدْخِلُ أَصَابِعَهُ الْمَاءَ فَيُخَلِّلُ بِهَا أُصُولَ شَعْرِهِ ثُمَّ يَصُبُّ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ثَلاَثَ غُرَفٍ ثُمَّ يُفِيضُ الْمَاءَ عَلَى جَسَدِهِ كُلِّهِ .
It was narrated from 'Aishah that when the Prophet (ﷺ) performed Ghusl from Janabah he would start by washing his hands, then he would perform Wudu' as for prayer, then he would dip his fingers in the water, then run them through his hair, then he would pour water over his head three times, then he would pour water over his entire body.
Sunan an-Nasa'i 247
وَصِفَتُهَا فَرْضٌ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَوَاجِبٌ لِلطَّوَافِ، قِيلَ: وَمَسُّ الْمُصْحَفِ لِلْقَوْلِ بِأَنَّ الْمُطَهَّرِينَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، وَسُنَّةٌ لِلنَّوْمِ، وَمَنْدُوبٌ فِي نَيِّفٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ مَوْضِعًا ذَكَرْتُهَا فِي الْخَزَائِنِ: مِنْهَا بَعْدَ كَذِبٍ وَغِيبَةٍ وَقَهْقَهَةٍ وَشِعْرٍ وَأَكْلِ جَزُورٍ، وَبَعْدَ كُلِّ خَطِيئَةٍ، وَلِلْخُرُوجِ مِنْ خِلَافِ الْعُلَمَاءِ.
یہاں "وَصِفَتُهَا" سے مراد وضو/طہارت کی شرعی حیثیت ہے۔ اسلام ویب میں اسی مقام پر اگلی عبارت «وَرُكْنُهَا: غَسْلٌ وَمَسْحٌ وَزَوَالُ نَجَسٍ» بھی آتی ہے۔ �
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English
“Wuḍū’ is obligatory for prayer and wājib for ṭawāf. According to one view, it is also wājib for touching the Muṣḥaf, based on the interpretation that ‘the purified’ refers to the angels. Wuḍū’ is Sunnah before sleeping, and it is recommended in more than thirty circumstances, including after lying, backbiting, loud laughter, reciting poetry, and eating camel meat, as well as after every sin and when doing so avoids a difference of scholarly opinion.”
الكتاب:
رَدُّ الْمُحْتَارِ عَلَى الدُّرِّ الْمُخْتَارِ
المؤلف:
محمد أمين بن عمر بن عبد العزيز ابن عابدين الدمشقي الحنفي (ت 1252هـ)
الكتاب الأصلي:
الدُّرُّ الْمُخْتَارُ شَرْحُ تَنْوِيرِ الْأَبْصَارِ
المؤلف الأصلي:
علاء الدين الحصكفي الحنفي (ت 1088هـ)
الجزء: الأول
الكتاب: كتاب الطهارة
الموضع: صفة الوضوء / صفة الطهارة
الصفحة: 89–90